Chi Squared Test. E each expected value. So here the test is to see how good the fit of observed values is variable independent distribution for the same data.
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It is the most widely used of many chi squared tests statistical procedures whose results are evaluated by reference to the chi squared distribution. If we want the percentages by column then we should write normalize column and if we want the total percentage then we should write normalize all. There are three types of chi square tests tests of goodness of fit independence and homogeneity.
σ means to sum up see sigma notation o each observed actual value.
The chi square test is used to check how well the observed values for a given distribution fits with the distribution when the variables are independent. This test was introduced by karl pearson in 1900 for categorical data analysis and distribution. There are three types of chi square tests tests of goodness of fit independence and homogeneity. So here the test is to see how good the fit of observed values is variable independent distribution for the same data.
